The first symptom is usually pain, followed by breakdown of mucosa and ulcer formation. Local anesthetic mouthwashes (containing Xylocaine or Lidocaine) lessen pain sensation and make getting adequate nutrition easier. Benadryl, Betadine and Chlorhexidine mouthwashes may be used. Protective agents (Sucralfate and Kaopectate) may be used to cover ulcers and prevent pain or worsening. Avoid eating hot or spicy foods that may cause irritation. CONSTIPATION
Although much better controlled, nausea and vomiting are still the most common side effects. In most cases, patients receive preventive medications prior to receiving chemotherapy. Patients are also prescribed medications to keep at home if needed. Commonly used medications include Compazine (Prochlorperazine), Lorazepam (Ativan), Ondansetron (Zofran), Granisetron (Kytril), Dolasetron (Anzemet), Palonosetron, Dronabinol (Marinol), Dexamethasone, Metoclopramide (Reglan) and Aprepitant (Emend).
Skin rash is a common side effect of biologic agents (such as Cetuximab and Erlotinib). These drugs cause an acne like rash which may be limited to the face and upper torso, but in some severe cases may be generalized. This is usually treated with topical creams (Clindamycin or Hydrocortisone). In severe cases, oral antibiotics (Minocycline, Doxycycline or oral Clindamycin) may be used.
Insomonia is not reported as a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment, but it is a commonly encountered complaint. Routine disruption and physiology disruption may be additional reasons. Transient use of sleeping medicines may be discussed with the doctor. Melatonin, available over the counter, may be an effective alternative.
Although certain drugs are known to cause diarrhea, prevention can’t be strategized since not everyone experiences it. But the bowel condition can be treated with anti-diarrheals, such as Loperamide (Imodium) and Lomotil (Atropine/Diphenoxylate sodium). Hydration is essential. Drink eight to 10 glasses of water daily.MOUTH SORES ISSUES
Risk of allergic reactions exists with almost all chemotherapy drugs. It is a common practice to administer medications to prevent allergic reactions prior to chemotherapy administration. Dexamethasone, Benadryl and Tylenol are commonly used. If an allergic reaction occurs, Solu-Medrol, Benadryl or an epinephrine injection are used for treatment. FERTILITY ISSUES
